12 Risk Factors

3. Harmful substances

It is also important to be mindful when using medications. Some over-the-counter painkillers, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like diclofenac and ibuprofen, can affect kidney function if used over a long period or if kidney function is already affected.

Even certain food supplements or herb remedies might pose risks or interact with other medications, so it is useful to check with a doctor before starting any new medication or supplement.

Exposure to environmental pollutants in air, water, or soil, as well as certain viruses, has been linked to an increased risk of CKD. These factors can increase the risk of kidney problems and render it more difficult to maintain kidney health.

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