12. Kidney replacement therapy-related complications

Kidney transplantation offers better outcomes than dialysis and can improve overall well-being. However, lifelong use of immunosuppressive medication is needed, which increases infection risks and other side effects.

Dialysis, especially when done at home, can offer more flexibility and a better quality of life.

• Haemodialysis is usually performed three times per week and requires vein access. Home options exist but may require training or support.
• Peritoneal dialysis is done daily at home and doesn’t involve needles, giving patients more independence.

Conservative care (non-dialysis) may suit frail or elderly patients, focusing on comfort and quality of life without intensive treatment.

Mental health support is vital, as emotional challenges are common, especially for dialysis patients, and can impact well-being.